
ii
First edition 2008
Tenth edition February 2016
ISBN 9781 4727 4438 8
(previous ISBN 9781 4727 2241 6)
e-ISBN 9781 4727 4653 5
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Published by
BPP Learning Media Ltd
BPP House, Aldine Place
London W12 8AA
www.bpp.com/learningmedia
Printed in the United Kingdom by RICOH UK Limited
Unit 2
Wells Place
Merstham
RH1 3LG
Your learning materials, published by BPP Learning
Media Ltd, are printed on paper obtained from traceable
sustainable sources.
All our rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of BPP Learning Media Ltd.
The contents of this book are intended as a guide and not
professional advice. Although every effort has been made to
ensure that the contents of this book are correct at the time
of going to press, BPP Learning Media makes no warranty
that the information in this book is accurate or complete and
accept no liability for any loss or damage suffered by any
person acting or refraining from acting as a result of the
material in this book.
We are grateful to the Association of Chartered Certified
Accountants for permission to reproduce past examination
questions. The suggested solutions in the Practice &
Revision Kit have been prepared by BPP Learning Media
Ltd, except where otherwise stated.
©
BPP Learning Media Ltd
2016
A note about copyright
Dear Customer
What does the little © mean and why does it matter?
Your market-leading BPP books, course materials and e-learning
materials do not write and update themselves. People write them on
their own behalf or as employees of an organisation that invests in
this activity. Copyright law protects their livelihoods. It does so by
creating rights over the use of the content.
Breach of copyright is a form of theft – as well as being a criminal
offence in some jurisdictions, it is potentially a serious breach of
professional ethics.
With current technology, things might seem a bit hazy but, basically,
without the express permission of BPP Learning Media:
Photocopying our materials is a breach of copyright
Scanning, ripcasting or conversion of our digital materials
into different file formats, uploading them to Facebook or e-
mailing them to your friends is a breach of copyright
You can, of course, sell your books, in the form in which you have
bought them – once you have finished with them. (Is this fair to your
fellow students? We update for a reason.) Please note the e-products
are sold on a single user licence basis: we do not supply 'unlock'
codes to people who have bought them secondhand.
And what about outside the UK? BPP Learning Media strives to make
our materials available at prices students can afford by local printing
arrangements, pricing policies and partnerships which are clearly
listed on our website. A tiny minority ignore this and indulge in
criminal activity by illegally photocopying our material or supporting
organisations that do. If they act illegally and unethically in one area,
can you really trust them?